CLAUDE.md ベストプラクティス - AIと人間の効率的な協働¶

実現できること¶

AI動作の最適化
プロジェクト固有のルールでAIを誘導
:material-checklist: 品質管理
チェックリストで一貫性を確保
ワークフロー自動化
定型作業を効率的に処理
チーム連携
共通のガイドラインで協働

📖 CLAUDE.md とは¶

CLAUDE.md は、Claude Code（AI開発アシスタント）にプロジェクト固有の指示を与えるための設定ファイルです。本記事では、**プロジェクト管理と品質向上**の観点から、効果的なCLAUDE.mdの作成方法を解説します。

記事の位置づけ

本記事: プロジェクト管理視点でのCLAUDE.md活用法
制御ベストプラクティス: AI制御観点でのCLAUDE.md詳細技術

基本的な構造¶

# CLAUDE.md

## プロジェクト概要
このプロジェクトの目的と構造の説明

## 開発ガイドライン
- コーディング規約
- 命名規則
- アーキテクチャパターン

## ワークフロー
標準的な作業手順とコマンド

## チェックリスト
品質管理のための確認項目

🚀 効果的な CLAUDE.md の作成¶

1. プロジェクト概要セクション¶

## Repository Overview

This is a [プロジェクトタイプ] built with [主要技術スタック].

### Key Features
- Feature 1: Description
- Feature 2: Description
- Feature 3: Description

### Target Users
- Primary: [主要ユーザー層]
- Secondary: [副次的ユーザー層]

### Development Status
- Current Phase: [開発フェーズ]
- Version: [バージョン番号]
- Stability: [安定性レベル]

2. 技術スタックと依存関係¶

## Technology Stack

### Frontend
- Framework: React 18.2 with TypeScript
- UI Library: Material-UI v5
- State Management: Redux Toolkit
- Build Tool: Vite

### Backend
- Runtime: Node.js 18 LTS
- Framework: Express.js
- Database: PostgreSQL 15
- ORM: Prisma

### Infrastructure
- Hosting: AWS (EC2, RDS, S3)
- CI/CD: GitHub Actions
- Monitoring: DataDog
- Container: Docker

3. 開発ガイドライン¶

## Development Guidelines

### Code Style
- **Language**: TypeScript with strict mode
- **Linting**: ESLint with Airbnb config
- **Formatting**: Prettier with 2-space indentation
- **Naming**:
  - Components: PascalCase (e.g., `UserProfile`)
  - Functions: camelCase (e.g., `getUserData`)
  - Constants: UPPER_SNAKE_CASE (e.g., `API_BASE_URL`)
  - Files: kebab-case (e.g., `user-profile.tsx`)

### Git Conventions
- **Branches**: feature/*, bugfix/*, hotfix/*
- **Commits**: Conventional Commits format
  - feat: New feature
  - fix: Bug fix
  - docs: Documentation
  - style: Code style
  - refactor: Code refactoring
  - test: Test updates
  - chore: Build/tooling updates

### Testing Requirements
- Unit tests: Jest with 80% coverage minimum
- Integration tests: Cypress for critical paths
- Performance tests: Lighthouse score > 90

4. ワークフローとコマンド¶

## Common Commands

### Development
```bash
# Install dependencies
npm install

# Start development server
npm run dev

# Run tests
npm test

# Build for production
npm run build

# Deploy to staging
npm run deploy:staging

# Deploy to production
npm run deploy:prod

Database Operations¶

# Run migrations
npx prisma migrate dev

# Generate Prisma client
npx prisma generate

# Seed database
npm run db:seed

# Reset database
npm run db:reset

Code Quality¶

# Run linter
npm run lint

# Fix linting issues
npm run lint:fix

# Type check
npm run type-check

# Run all checks
npm run check:all

### 5. チェックリストシステム

```markdown
## 📝 Task Checklists

### Feature Development Checklist
- [ ] **Requirements Review**: Understand the feature requirements
- [ ] **Design Review**: Review UI/UX designs if applicable
- [ ] **Implementation Plan**: Create implementation approach
- [ ] **Code Implementation**: Write the feature code
- [ ] **Unit Tests**: Write comprehensive unit tests
- [ ] **Integration Tests**: Add integration tests
- [ ] **Documentation**: Update relevant documentation
- [ ] **Code Review**: Submit PR and get approval
- [ ] **QA Testing**: Ensure QA team has tested
- [ ] **Deployment**: Deploy to production

### Bug Fix Checklist
- [ ] **Reproduce Issue**: Confirm bug reproduction steps
- [ ] **Root Cause Analysis**: Identify the root cause
- [ ] **Fix Implementation**: Implement the fix
- [ ] **Regression Tests**: Add tests to prevent regression
- [ ] **Verify Fix**: Confirm fix resolves the issue
- [ ] **Related Issues**: Check for similar issues
- [ ] **Documentation**: Update if needed
- [ ] **Deploy**: Release the fix

### Code Review Checklist
- [ ] **Functionality**: Code works as intended
- [ ] **Tests**: Adequate test coverage
- [ ] **Performance**: No performance regressions
- [ ] **Security**: No security vulnerabilities
- [ ] **Style**: Follows coding standards
- [ ] **Documentation**: Code is well-documented
- [ ] **Dependencies**: No unnecessary dependencies
- [ ] **Breaking Changes**: Identified and documented

🎯 実践的な活用例¶

1. ドキュメントサイトの CLAUDE.md¶

# CLAUDE.md - Documentation Site

## Project Overview
Technical documentation site using MkDocs Material.

## Article Creation Workflow

### Pre-Writing
- [ ] Research topic thoroughly
- [ ] Check for existing similar content
- [ ] Define target audience
- [ ] Create article outline

### Writing
- [ ] Write Japanese version (.md)
- [ ] Create English translation (.en.md)
- [ ] Add code examples
- [ ] Include visual elements (diagrams, cards)
- [ ] Add cross-references

### Quality Assurance
- [ ] Grammar and spell check
- [ ] Test all code examples
- [ ] Verify all links
- [ ] Check formatting consistency

### Deployment
- [ ] Update mkdocs.yml navigation
- [ ] Git add, commit, push
- [ ] Run mkdocs gh-deploy
- [ ] Verify live deployment
- [ ] Test search functionality

## Article Template

```markdown
# Article Title

![Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/Category-Topic-blue.svg)

## 実現できること

<div class="grid cards" markdown>
-   :material-icon: **Feature**
    Description
</div>

## 概要
Introduction...

## 実装
Implementation details...

## 関連記事
- [Related Article](./related.md)

---

Common Commands¶

# Local development
mkdocs serve

# Deploy to GitHub Pages
mkdocs gh-deploy

# Build static files
mkdocs build

### 2. API プロジェクトの CLAUDE.md

```markdown
# CLAUDE.md - REST API Project

## Architecture Overview

src/ ├── controllers/ # Request handlers ├── services/ # Business logic ├── models/ # Data models ├── middleware/ # Express middleware ├── utils/ # Helper functions └── config/ # Configuration files

## API Development Guidelines

### Endpoint Naming
- Use nouns, not verbs
- Use plural for collections
- Use kebab-case for multi-word resources

Examples:
- GET /api/users
- GET /api/users/:id
- POST /api/users
- GET /api/user-profiles

### Response Format
```json
{
  "success": true,
  "data": {},
  "error": null,
  "metadata": {
    "timestamp": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
    "version": "1.0.0"
  }
}

Error Handling¶

// Always use this error format
throw new AppError('Error message', 400, 'ERROR_CODE');

Testing Requirements¶

All endpoints must have: 1. Unit tests for business logic 2. Integration tests for API endpoints 3. Load tests for performance-critical endpoints

Security Checklist¶

Input validation on all endpoints
Authentication required (except public endpoints)
Rate limiting implemented
SQL injection prevention
XSS prevention

CORS properly configured

### 3. フロントエンドプロジェクトの CLAUDE.md

```markdown
# CLAUDE.md - React Application

## Component Development

### Component Structure
```typescript
// components/UserProfile/UserProfile.tsx
import React from 'react';
import { UserProfileProps } from './UserProfile.types';
import { useUserProfile } from './UserProfile.hooks';
import styles from './UserProfile.module.css';

export const UserProfile: React.FC<UserProfileProps> = ({ userId }) => {
  const { user, loading, error } = useUserProfile(userId);

  // Component logic
};

State Management Rules¶

Local state for UI-only state
Context for cross-component state
Redux for global application state
React Query for server state

Performance Guidelines¶

Use React.memo for expensive components
Implement virtual scrolling for long lists
Lazy load routes and heavy components
Optimize images with next-gen formats

Accessibility Requirements¶

All components must: - [ ] Have proper ARIA labels - [ ] Support keyboard navigation - [ ] Meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards - [ ] Pass automated a11y tests - [ ] Include screen reader testing

CSS Guidelines¶

/* Use CSS Modules */
.container {
  /* Mobile-first approach */
  padding: 1rem;

  @media (min-width: 768px) {
    padding: 2rem;
  }
}

/* Use CSS variables for theming */
.button {
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--text-on-primary);
}

## 💡 ベストプラクティス

### 1. 明確で実行可能な指示

```markdown
# Good ✅
## File Naming
- Components: PascalCase (e.g., UserProfile.tsx)
- Utilities: camelCase (e.g., formatDate.ts)
- Tests: *.test.ts or *.spec.ts

# Bad ❌
## File Naming
Files should be named appropriately.

2. 具体的なコード例¶

# Good ✅
## Error Handling Pattern
```typescript
try {
  const result = await apiCall();
  return { success: true, data: result };
} catch (error) {
  logger.error('API call failed', { error, context });
  return { success: false, error: error.message };
}

Bad ❌¶

Error Handling¶

Handle errors properly.

### 3. チェックリストの活用

```markdown
# Good ✅
## PR Checklist
- [ ] Tests pass locally
- [ ] No console.log statements
- [ ] Documentation updated
- [ ] Changelog entry added
- [ ] Performance impact assessed

# Bad ❌
## PR Requirements
Make sure everything is good before submitting.

🔄 継続的な改善¶

1. 定期的なレビュー¶

## Maintenance Schedule

### Weekly
- Review and update task checklists
- Check for outdated dependencies
- Review error logs

### Monthly
- Update documentation
- Review and refine guidelines
- Analyze code metrics

### Quarterly
- Major dependency updates
- Architecture review
- Performance audit

2. フィードバックの収集¶

## Feedback Collection

### Developer Feedback
- What guidelines are unclear?
- What tasks are repetitive?
- What tools are missing?

### AI Performance
- Track successful completions
- Identify common mistakes
- Measure time savings

### Improvement Ideas
- [ ] Add more code examples
- [ ] Create video tutorials
- [ ] Build custom tools

🎓 学習リソース¶

推奨記事¶

外部リソース¶

🚀 次のステップ¶

既存プロジェクトへの適用: 現在のプロジェクトに CLAUDE.md を追加
チームでの共有: チームメンバーと内容をレビュー
継続的な改善: 使用しながら内容を洗練
効果測定: 生産性向上を定量的に測定